Yossarian's brief affair with a young woman named Luciana is one of the more poignant interludes, although we soon are reminded that Yossarian's relations with women are troubled at best. Here the men initially find romance, parties, frolic, and joy. Leaves of absence in Rome allow respite for the men and a change of tone for the reader. (The novel's first scene occurs shortly after the raid on Avignon.) Heller repeatedly refers to the event throughout the novel, playing it like a recurring theme in a symphony, the reader allowed to learn a little more of the horror as the story progresses. The mission over Avignon, in July, is personally even more traumatic for Yossarian as his plane is badly hit and a gunner named Snowden severely wounded. His tent mate, Orr, is shot down and presumed lost at sea. By now, Yossarian has had all he wants of war. Heller's description of the raid (Chapter 15) is one of the most vivid passages in the novel. When the squadron eventually must bomb Bologna a second time, in late June 1944, the flak (ground fire at the aircraft) is exceptionally intense. Although Yossarian is promoted to Captain and awarded a medal, the death haunts him. The tactic works, but a young airman named Kraft is killed. Having failed to release his bombs on the first run, Yossarian directs his flight to take a second pass so that he can hit the target, a bridge that the squadron has tried in vain to destroy for a week. At Ferrara, in the spring of 1944, Yossarian is an inexperienced bombardier eager to succeed in the mission so it will not be repeated. The tone changes with flashbacks to raids on Ferrara, Bologna, and Avignon. Although war and death are always in the background, the tone of the first third of the novel is ironic and absurdly light-hearted.

Earlier in the summer, when an apparently hazardous raid on Bologna seems imminent, for example, Yossarian postpones the mission by simply moving a line on a map, indicating that the Americans and other Allies have already captured the city. The early chapters satirize the military and political establishment, specifically through distortions of logic and reality. Other squadron members include McWatt, a pilot who enjoys buzzing (flying low over) Yossarian's tent and the beach bathers Nately, who is in love with a prostitute in Rome Doc Daneeka, a friendly but ineffectual flight surgeon who explains the meaning of 'Catch-22' (Chapter 5) and Colonel Cathcart, who yearns to be a general so he tries to look like a strong leader by raising the number of missions required of the men to complete a tour of duty. Yossarian is so annoyed by a bigoted Texan that he soon returns to his regular quarters where his tent mate, Orr, uses outstanding mechanical talents to improve living conditions. Others in Yossarian's ward include Dunbar, who thinks he can live longer by pursuing boring tasks and making time pass slowly, and the 'soldier in white,' an enigmatic figure smuggled into the ward in the middle of the night and encased from head to toe in gauze and plaster. When able, hospitalized officers censor enlisted men's letters home an early indication of Yossarian's character is the creative way he approaches this task, even altering one letter to resemble a love note and signing Chaplain Tappman's name. He has learned that the hospital can be a peaceful refuge and that liver ailments are difficult to diagnose. When the novel opens, Yossarian is in the base hospital, on Pianosa, faking a liver ailment. We meet several key characters in the opening chapters. The satirical novel is episodic and relies on character as much as it does on plot or theme. Most of the action takes place from spring through December of 1944, but there are flashbacks to 1942, when Yossarian was in basic training at Lowery Field in Colorado, and to 1943 when he was in cadet training at Santa Ana, California. It is the summer of 1944, but events of the novel are not told in chronological order sometimes time changes without warning. The squadron's assignment is to bomb enemy positions in Italy and eastern France. Captain John Yossarian, the novel's protagonist, is a bombardier in the 256th Squadron of the Army Air Forces during World War II, stationed on Pianosa, a fictionalized island in the Mediterranean between mainland Italy and Corsica.

War of the worlds plane crash scene